Ububiko bwa Disiki Yububiko

Kugirango byoroherezwe gusoma ibice bikurikira muriki gitabo, hano haribintu bimwe byingenzi bya disiki yububiko. Kugirango ukomeze guhuza ibice, ibisobanuro birambuye bya tekiniki ntabwo bizatangwa.

SCSI:
Mugufi kuri Interineti ntoya ya mudasobwa, yatangijwe bwa mbere mu 1979 nkikoranabuhanga rya interineti kuri mini-mudasobwa ariko ubu yoherejwe muri PC zisanzwe hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya mudasobwa.

ATA (Kumugereka):
Azwi kandi nka IDE, iyi interface yagenewe guhuza bisi ya mudasobwa ya AT yakozwe mu 1984 mu buryo butaziguye na drives hamwe na control. "AT" muri ATA iva kuri mudasobwa ya AT, niyo yambere yakoresheje bisi ya ISA.

Serial ATA (SATA):
Ikoresha ihererekanyamakuru ryihererekanyabubasha, ryohereza amakuru make gusa kuri buri saha. Mugihe disiki zikomeye za ATA zisanzwe zikoresha uburyo bwo guhererekanya ibintu, zishobora kwanduzwa n’ibimenyetso kandi bikagira ingaruka kuri sisitemu ihamye mu gihe cyo kohereza amakuru yihuse, SATA ikemura iki kibazo ikoresheje uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu hamwe n’umugozi wa 4 gusa.

NAS (Umuyoboro Uhuza Ububiko):
Ihuza ibikoresho byo kubika hamwe nitsinda rya mudasobwa ukoresheje urusobe rusanzwe rwa topologiya nka Ethernet. NAS ni uburyo bwo kubika urwego rugamije gukemura ibibazo bikenerwa mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kubika mu matsinda y’imiryango n’imiryango yo ku rwego rw’ishami.

DAS (Ububiko bufatanije):
Bivuga guhuza ibikoresho byububiko kuri mudasobwa binyuze muri interineti ya SCSI cyangwa Fibre. Ibicuruzwa bya DAS birimo ibikoresho byo kubika hamwe na seriveri yoroshye ihuriweho ishobora gukora imirimo yose ijyanye no kubona dosiye no kuyobora.

SAN (Umuyoboro wububiko):
Ihuza itsinda rya mudasobwa ikoresheje Umuyoboro wa Fibre. SAN itanga imiyoboro myinshi-ihuza ariko ntabwo ikoresha urusobe rusanzwe. SAN yibanda mugukemura ibibazo byihariye bijyanye nububiko mubidukikije-urwego rwibikorwa kandi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mububiko bunini cyane.

Array:
Yerekeza kuri sisitemu ya disiki igizwe na disiki nyinshi zikora muburyo bumwe. Umugenzuzi wa RAID ahuza disiki nyinshi murwego akoresheje umuyoboro wa SCSI. Mumagambo yoroshye, umurongo ni sisitemu ya disiki igizwe na disiki nyinshi zikora hamwe. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko disiki zagenwe nkibikoresho bishyushye bidashobora kongerwaho umurongo.

Array Spanning:
Harimo guhuza umwanya wububiko bwa bibiri, bitatu, cyangwa bine bya disiki kugirango ukore disiki yumvikana hamwe nububiko bukomeza. Abagenzuzi ba RAID barashobora gutondekanya imirongo myinshi, ariko buri murongo ugomba kuba ufite umubare umwe wa disiki hamwe nurwego rumwe rwa RAID. Kurugero, RAID 1, RAID 3, na RAID 5 irashobora kwerekanwa kugirango ikore RAID 10, RAID 30, na RAID 50.

Politiki ya Cache:
Yerekeza ku ngamba zo gufata neza umugenzuzi wa RAID, zishobora kuba Cashe I / O cyangwa Direct I / O. Cashe I / O ikoresha ingamba zo gusoma no kwandika kandi akenshi ubika amakuru mugihe cyo gusoma. Ku rundi ruhande, I / O itaziguye, isoma amakuru mashya muri disiki keretse niba igice cyamakuru kibonetse inshuro nyinshi, muricyo gihe gikoresha ingamba zo gusoma ziciriritse kandi kigahuza amakuru. Muburyo bwuzuye bwo gusoma ssenariyo, nta makuru yatanzwe.

Kwagura ubushobozi:
Iyo ubushobozi bwubushobozi busanzwe bwashyizweho kuboneka muburyo bwihuse bwibikoresho bya RAID, umugenzuzi ashyiraho umwanya wa disiki igaragara, yemerera disiki yinyongera kwaguka mumwanya muto binyuze mubwubatsi. Kwiyubaka birashobora gukorwa gusa kuri disiki imwe yumvikana murwego rumwe, kandi kwaguka kumurongo ntibishobora gukoreshwa murwego rwagutse.

Umuyoboro:
Ninzira y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru no kugenzura amakuru hagati ya disiki ebyiri.

Imiterere:
Nibikorwa byo kwandika zeru mubice byose byamakuru ya disiki ifatika (disiki ikomeye). Imiterere nigikorwa cyumubiri gusa kirimo no kugenzura buri gihe kugenzura disiki no kwerekana ibimenyetso bidasomeka kandi bibi. Kubera ko disiki nyinshi zikomeye zimaze guhindurwa muruganda, format irakenewe gusa mugihe habaye amakosa ya disiki.

Ibicuruzwa bishyushye:
Iyo disiki ikora ubu yananiwe, idakora, ikoreshwa na disiki isanzwe ihita isimbuza disiki yananiwe. Ubu buryo buzwi nka sparing hot. Disiki zishyushye ntizibika amakuru yumukoresha, kandi disiki zigera ku munani zishobora kugenwa nkibikoresho bishyushye. Disiki ishyushye irashobora kwiyegurira umurongo umwe utagira ingano cyangwa kuba igice cya disiki ishyushye ya disiki ya array yose. Iyo disiki yananiranye ibaye, software ya mugenzuzi ihita isimbuza disiki yananiwe na disiki ishyushye kandi ikongera ikubaka amakuru kuva muri disiki yananiwe kuri disiki ishyushye. Amakuru arashobora kongera kubakwa gusa muri disiki yumurengera (usibye RAID 0), kandi disiki ishyushye igomba kuba ifite ubushobozi buhagije. Umuyobozi wa sisitemu arashobora gusimbuza disiki yananiwe no kugena disiki isimburwa nkibikoresho bishya bishyushye.

Moderi ishyushye ya Swap Module:
Uburyo bushyushye bwa swap butuma abayobozi ba sisitemu basimbuza disiki yananiwe badafunze seriveri cyangwa guhagarika serivisi zurusobe. Kubera ko imbaraga zose hamwe na kabili bihujwe kuri seriveri yinyuma ya seriveri, guhinduranya bishyushye bikubiyemo gusa gukuramo disiki mumwanya wa disiki, ni inzira itaziguye. Hanyuma, gusimbuza hot swap disiki byinjijwe mumwanya. Tekinoroji ishyushye ikora gusa muburyo bwa RAID 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, na 50.

I2O (Iyinjiza ryubwenge / Ibisohoka):
I2O ni inganda zisanzwe zubaka muburyo bwo kwinjiza / gusohora sisitemu zidashingiye kuri sisitemu y'imikorere y'urusobe kandi ntisaba inkunga ivuye mubikoresho byo hanze. I2O ikoresha porogaramu yubushoferi ishobora kugabanywa muri sisitemu ya sisitemu ya sisitemu ya sisitemu (OSMs) hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho (HDMs).

Gutangiza:
Nibikorwa byo kwandika zeru kumibare yamakuru ya disiki yumvikana no kubyara ibice bihuye kugirango uzane disiki yemewe muburyo bwiteguye. Gutangiza gusiba amakuru yabanjirije kandi bikabyara uburinganire, bityo disiki yumvikana ikorerwa igenzura rihoraho muriki gikorwa. Ikirangantego kitaratangizwa ntigikoreshwa kuko kitarabyara uburinganire kandi bizavamo amakosa yo kugenzura adahoraho.

IOP (I / O Utunganya):
I / O itunganya ni ikigo cyumuyobozi wa RAID, ishinzwe gutunganya amabwiriza, kohereza amakuru kuri bisi ya PCI na SCSI, gutunganya RAID, kongera kubaka disiki, gucunga cache, no kugarura amakosa.

Drive Logical:
Yerekeza kuri disiki igaragara muri array ishobora gufata disiki zirenze imwe. Disiki yumvikana igabanya disiki murwego cyangwa umurongo uzengurutswe mububiko buhoraho bwagabanijwe kuri disiki zose ziri murwego. Umugenzuzi wa RAID arashobora gushiraho disiki zigera kuri 8 zifite ubushobozi butandukanye, byibuze byibuze disiki imwe yumvikana isabwa kuri array. Ibikorwa byinjiza / bisohoka birashobora gukorwa gusa mugihe disiki yemewe iri kumurongo.

Igitabo cyumvikana:
Ni disiki isanzwe yakozwe na drives yumvikana, izwi kandi nka disiki ya disiki.

Indorerwamo:
Nubwoko bwikirenga aho amakuru kuri disiki imwe yerekanwa kurindi disiki. RAID 1 na RAID 10 koresha indorerwamo.

Uburinganire:
Mububiko bwamakuru no kohereza, uburinganire burimo kongeramo bito kuri byte kugirango ugenzure amakosa. Akenshi itanga amakuru arenze kubintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi byumwimerere, bishobora gukoreshwa mukubaka amakuru yumwimerere kuva murimwe mumibare yambere. Ariko, uburinganire bwamakuru ntabwo ari kopi yukuri yamakuru yambere.

Muri RAID, ubu buryo burashobora gukoreshwa kuri disiki zose za disiki. Uburinganire bushobora kandi gukwirakwizwa kuri disiki zose muri sisitemu muburyo bwihariye bwabigenewe. Niba disiki yananiwe, amakuru kuri disiki yananiwe arashobora kongera kubakwa ukoresheje amakuru yo mu zindi disiki hamwe namakuru ya parite.